Interior rearview mirror assembly with full screen video display

ABSTRACT

A vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror head including an electrochromic mirror reflective element having a transflective mirror reflector. A video display device occupies at least 75 percent of the viewable reflective region of the mirror reflective element. With the mirror assembly operating in a first state, the video display device does not display video images and the driver views rearward via reflection at the viewable reflective region and, with the mirror assembly operating in a second state, the video display device displays video images for viewing at the viewable reflective region by the driver. When operating in a daytime mode, the display screen utilizes red pixels, green pixels, blue pixels and clear pixels of the display screen, and when operating in a nighttime mode, the display screen utilizes red pixels, green pixels and blue pixels and does not utilize clear pixels.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/729,776, filed Dec. 30, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,981,510,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/729,776,filed Dec. 30, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,981,510, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/059,519, filed Aug.9, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,518,704, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/192,302, filed Jun. 24, 2016, now U.S.Pat. No. 10,046,706, which claims the filing benefits of U.S.provisional applications, Ser. No. 62/237,716, filed Oct. 6, 2015, andSer. No. 62/185,206, filed Jun. 26, 2015, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of interiorrearview mirror assemblies for vehicles and, more particularly, tointerior rearview mirror assemblies with a display.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known to provide a mirror assembly that is adjustably mounted toan interior portion of a vehicle, such as via a double ball pivot orjoint mounting configuration where the mirror casing and reflectiveelement are adjusted relative to the interior portion of a vehicle bypivotal movement about the double ball pivot configuration. The mirrorcasing and reflective element are pivotable about either or both of theball pivot joints by a user that is adjusting a rearward field of viewof the reflective element. It is also generally known to provide adisplay screen at the mirror assembly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an interior rearview mirror assembly thatincludes a mirror casing, an electro-optic mirror reflective element anda display device disposed behind the electro-optic mirror reflectiveelement and operable to display information for viewing by the driver ofthe vehicle through the mirror reflective element. The electro-opticmirror reflective element comprises a transflective mirror reflectorwhereby the mirror reflector reflects light that is incident on theelectro-optic element and partially transmits illumination emitted fromthe display device through the electro-optic mirror reflective element.The display screen or display area of the display device generallyencompasses or spans the height and width of the mirror reflectiveelement and may occupy at least 75 percent of the electro-opticallyactive reflective area of the mirror reflective element.

Optionally, the display device of the interior review mirror assemblymay include an LCD panel that has an LED backlight with at least twooperating ranges configured to reduce the illumination intensity of theLED backlight during sensed night-time driving conditions and increaseillumination intensity of the LED backlight during sensed daytimedriving conditions. The LED backlight may include at least two zonesthat are configured to be independently controlled based on content ofan image displayed by the display device.

These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of thepresent invention will become apparent upon review of the followingspecification in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an interior rearview mirror assembly inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of an interior rearview mirror assemblyin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2A is another front elevation view of an interior rearview mirrorassembly in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an interior rearview mirror assembly inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart diagram showing backlight processingfor a display device in accordance the present invention;

FIG. 5 is another schematic flow chart diagram showing backlightprocessing for a display device in accordance the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram showing three color pixelarrangement for an LCD display device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart diagram showing a pixel arrangement foran LCD display device having a white pixel filter and R, G, B pixelfilters in accordance the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a display device for an interiorrearview mirror assembly showing a plurality of backlight zones inaccordance the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a graph of backlight display brightness for day mode intensityand night mode intensity for display device of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of an interior rearview mirror assembly having afull screen display in accordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 11-15 are plan views of other interior rearview mirror assemblieshaving full screen displays and using graphic overlays in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a mirror assembly and display screenwith a heatsink in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a mirror display screen of the presentinvention, showing use of a heatsink and thermally conductive materialbetween the backlighting PCB and the heatsink;

FIG. 18 is a table showing average intensity and uniformity fordifferent sample displays; and

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing digital video transmission inaccordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depictedtherein, an interior rearview mirror assembly 10 for a vehicle includesa casing 12 that houses a reflective element 14 and a display device 16,which provides a display area 15 visible to the driver of the vehiclethrough the reflective element 14 (FIGS. 1 and 2 ). In the illustratedembodiment, the mirror assembly 10 is configured to be adjustablymounted to an interior portion of a vehicle (such as to an interior orin-cabin surface of a vehicle windshield or a headliner of a vehicle orthe like) via a mounting structure or mounting configuration or assembly18. The casing 12 of the interior rearview mirror assembly 10 may houseall or a portion of the components of the interior rearview mirrorassembly 10 and may be integrally formed with portions thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the principal or main viewing area of the fulldisplay video mirror has the same or slightly better field of view of atypical rearview mirror (minimum of about 20 degrees). This image couldbe 1:1 scale of what a reflected image would be. The left and right endzones may be delineated by a divider overlay image. Those end zoneswould display a distorted image so that a greater horizontal and/orvertical field of view can be seen. This would be similar to a convex oraspheric or “flat to bent” reflector. This could be tuned toreduce/eliminate blind zones between the exterior rearview mirror viewand the interior rearview mirror view. Also, those end zones could havedifferent display modes, such as, for example, a “trailering mode” orthe like, where the zones could potentially show the edges of the road(with overlay of car edges or actual edges) so at a glance the drivercan see how the equipped vehicle is centered in the lane. The displaymay include a “1:1 mode” that would turn off the dividers if that isannoying to some drivers.

The mirror reflective element 14 of the interior rearview mirrorassembly 10 comprises an electro-optic mirror reflective and the displaydevice 16 is disposed at a rear surface of the electro-optic mirrorreflective element for emitting illumination and displaying imagesand/or other information at the display area 15 (FIGS. 1-3 ). In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 2 , the display area 15 encompassessubstantially all of the reflective element 14, such that the displayarea 15 is substantially the same size as the visible reflectivesurface. For example, the display area 15 may occupy at least 75 percentof the area of the visible reflective surface of the reflective element(or the electro-optically active region of the reflective element),preferably at least 85 percent of the area of the visible reflectivesurface of the reflective element, and more preferably at least 95percent of the area of the visible reflective surface of the reflectiveelement. The display device 16 is disposed at the rear surface of theelectro-optic mirror reflective element 14, with a mirror reflector filmor layer 22 disposed at the front surface of the rear substrate(commonly referred to as the third surface of the reflective element)and opposing an electro-optic medium, such as an electrochromic mediumdisposed between the front and rear substrates and bounded by aperimeter seal. Optionally, the mirror reflector could be disposed atthe rear surface of the rear substrate (commonly referred to as thefourth surface of the reflective element), while remaining within thespirit and scope of the present invention.

The mirror reflector 22 comprises a transflective mirror reflector andprovides a substantially reflective layer at the display area 15, whilebeing at least partially transmissive of light or illumination emittedby display device 16, as discussed below. The transflective mirrorreflector 22 is partially transmissive of visible light therethrough andpartially reflective of visible light incident thereon and, thus, thepresence of the video display device behind the reflective element isrendered covert by the transflective mirror reflector and informationdisplayed by the video display device is only viewable through themirror reflector and reflective element when the video display device isactivated or backlit to display such images and/or information forviewing by the driver of the vehicle when the driver is normallyoperating the vehicle.

In the illustrated embodiment, the electro-optic mirror reflectiveelement 14 of the interior rearview mirror assembly 10 includes a frontsubstrate 24 and a rear substrate 26 spaced from front substrate 24 withthe electro-optic medium (such as an electrochromic medium) andtransparent conductive or semi-conductive layers (such as describedbelow) sandwiched between the substrates 24, 26 (with the transparentconductive layer disposed at a rear surface of front substrate 24 [thesecond surface of the laminate electro-optical element] and thetransparent conductive layer disposed at the front surface of rearsubstrate 26 [the third surface of the laminate electro-opticalelement]). For example, the conductive layers may comprise an indium tinoxide (ITO) material or a thin metallic layer sandwiched between twotransparent conductive layers (a TC/M/TC stack of layers) such asITO/Metal/ITO (for example, ITO/Ag/ITO) or a doped tin oxide or a dopedzinc oxide or the like, so as to provide the desired conductivity andtransparency at the second and third surfaces of the fourth surfacereflector reflective element or cell. An electrical sheet resistance ofless than about 20 ohms/square is preferred for such transparentconductor layers; more preferably less than about 15 ohms/square andmost preferably less than about 10 ohms/square, while visible lighttransmission through such transparent conductive coated substrates ispreferably at least about 70% T, more preferable at least about 75% Tand most preferably is at least about 80% T. An epoxy seal material orthe like is applied between the substrates to define the cavity for theelectrochromic medium and to adhere the substrates together.

The display device is operable to display video images captured by arearward viewing camera, such as a camera mounted at a rear portion ofthe vehicle or that views through a rear window of the vehicle so as tohave a rearward field of view rearward and at least partially sidewardof the vehicle. The camera may capture images during normal operation ofthe vehicle, such as when the driver of the vehicle drives the vehicleforwardly along a road. Video images are displayed by the display deviceduring such normal operation, such as to provide enhanced rearwardviewing that encompasses regions not viewable to a driver of a vehicleviewing a conventional interior rearview mirror assembly.

In the illustrated embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 3 , the displaydevice 16 comprises a display module having a display screen (such as amulti-pixel LCD panel/screen backlit by a plurality of LEDs) and acircuit element 32 (such as a printed circuit board or the like, such asa silicon substrate having circuitry established thereon) disposed atthe rear of the display screen. Circuit board 32 has circuitryestablished thereat (such as by establishing the circuitry at or on asilicon substrate using CMOS technology or the like), and such circuitrymay be configured for controlling the display functions and forcontrolling the dimming or variable reflectance of the reflectiveelement. The circuit board 32 may also be coupled with a photo/glarelight sensor 34 established rearward of the display device for providinga viewing angle capable to sensing glare on the display area, such as ina location rearward of the display screen and forward (as in forwardwith respect to the direction of the travel of the vehicle) of the frontglass substrate 24 for detecting or sensing the light (such as ambientlight or glare light) at the mirror reflective element and the displaydevice 16. As shown in FIG. 3 , the sensor 34 may be disposed behind thefront substrate (such as at an overhang region where the cross dimensionof the front substrate is greater than the cross dimension of the rearsubstrate), so that the sensor is not behind the display screen or theelectro-optic (such as electrochromic) medium.

The glare light sensor 34, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , may be integratedwith an ON/OFF user input or touch sensor behind the front glasssubstrate 24 that is configured to actuate based on a touch event at anexterior surface of the electro-optic mirror reflective element. Thisintegration reduces the overall dimensions of the mirror and optimizeslight sensor position, namely, it places the light sensor closer to thefirst surface of front substrate of the reflective element, which allowsfor a wider viewing angle. Such a sensor 34 may also be positioned atalternative locations and may also be used to sense night-time drivingconditions of the vehicle, such as relative light conditions,headlights, and other conditions indicative of night-time driving. Forinstance, the glare light sensor may be integrated above the plane ofthe backlit thin film transistor (TFT)—LCD display screen or panel. Withrespect to the user input integrated with the sensor, the input orsensor may provide capacitive or optical detection of a finger, mayinclude light management films to prevent backlight from affecting thesensor, and may include color applique, printed, or laser etchedgraphics. The user input or sensor and mirror assembly may utilizeaspects of the sensors and mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No.8,154,418 and/or International Publication Nos. WO 2011/044312; WO2012/051500 and/or WO 2013/071070, which are all hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

With further reference to the construction of the display device 16, asshow for example in FIG. 3 , optical films and an optically clearstructural block may be provided between the display panel or screen andthe backlight array 30 of the display device 16. These optical films mayinclude DBEF, BEF-1, BEF-2, Diffusers (2+), such as brightnessenhancement films (such as, for example, VIKUITI™ BEF films from 3M) anda light diffuser sheet (such as, for example, a hazed or diffuse-lighttransmitting plastic diffuser or sheet). A reflector (such as a metal ormetal coated reflector) may be disposed behind the backlight array toenhance backlighting of the display screen. For example, the opticalfilms may comprise visible light transflecting/polarizing elements orfilms (such as VIKUITI™ Dual Brightness Enhancement Film—Polarizer(DBEF-P2) film available from 3M).

A backlight array 30 (such as a two dimensional array of white lightemitting LEDs or the like) may also be provided to generate enhancedbacklighting intensity to further help ensure that the driver candiscern any video image or information being displayed and transmittedthrough the electro-optic element 20, as sunlight streaming into thevehicle cabin and incident at the display area of the interior mirrorreflective element may cause reflective glare and/or wash-out the videoimage or other displayed information. To provide sufficient imageclarity, the video display device may include the backlighting element30 that is configured to provide increased image brightness. The videodisplay screen element is disposed at the rear surface of theelectro-optic mirror reflective element 14. The backlighting element isdisposed to the rear of the video screen so that visible (or other)light emitted from the backlighting element (when it is electricallypowered) passes through the video screen element.

The display device 16, such as shown in FIG. 3 , is disposed behind thereflective element 14 and is operable to display images and informationfor viewing by the driver of the vehicle through the transflectivemirror reflector coating 22. The display area of the display screen issized to substantially encompass the electro-optically active region(the region bounded by the perimeter seal) of the mirror reflectiveelement. The display device 16 may comprise any suitable display device,such as a video display device, and such as a multi-pixel display screen(such as a backlit dot matrix liquid crystal display or a thin filmtransistor or TFT display screen) that is backlit by a plurality ofillumination sources 30, such as a plurality of white light-emittinglight emitting diodes or the like. The display device may utilizeaspects of the display-on-demand transflective type displays and/orvideo displays or display screens of the types disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 8,890,955; 7,855;755; 7,338,177; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381;7,184,190; 7,046,448; 5,668,663; 5,724,187; 5,530,240; 6,329,925;6,690,268; 7,734,392; 7,370,983; 6,902,284; 6,428,172; 6,420,975;5,416,313; 5,285,060; 5,193,029 and/or 4,793,690, and/or in U.S. Pat.Pub. Nos. US-2006-0050018; US-2009-0015736; US-2009-0015736 and/orUS-2010-0097469, which are all hereby incorporated herein by referencein their entireties.

For such a full-screen video mirror, night-time driving may result inincreased glare from head-lights reflected off the mirror or glasssurfaces at the display area. To resolve that issue, the electro-opticmirror reflective element 14 may be dimmed or darkened while the displaydevice 16 is active during night-time conditions, which reducesreflection from the mirror reflector. Doing so may also result in theneed to change the neutral color of the TFT panel, which is normallywhite in color, to more of a pink color to compensate for the blue-greencolor of the images displayed through the active, darkened electro-opticmedium of the mirror reflective element 14. Accordingly, the displaydevice 16 may function to adjust the neutral color emitted based on theactuation condition of the electro-optic element. Also, in order toreduce issues related to glare from head-lights reflected off the mirroror glass surfaces, which are common during night-time driving, the videosignal processing may be adapted to increase overall background imageluminance (i.e., over-power reflection by modifying the videobrightness). For example, the backlight intensity may be modified orincreased to over-power the reflected images, so that the displayedimages can be viewed by the driver. Alternatively or in addition, thecontent of the displayed image may be modified, such that dark areas ofthe image are increased in brightness.

Optionally, the control of the display device may provide an increasedcontrast ratio for enhanced or optimum night-time conditions. Forexample, the LED backlight may be operable in two or more differentdimming ranges, such that the maximum display intensity is reducedduring night-time (the nominal LED current is different in each range).This may limit or substantially preclude the backlighting from appearinggray during nighttime driving conditions, and this may limit orsubstantially preclude the backlight intensity from optically affectingthe transistors within the LCD display panel. Optionally, the displaymay provide localized or regional dimming of the LED backlight based onvideo image's content. For example, because the sky during nighttimeconditions is black, the display (when displaying video images capturedby a vehicle camera that has its field of view encompassing a region ofthe sky) may have that region of the backlight at that region of thedisplayed image be at a lower brightness. The dimming region could bestatic based on the camera/optics design, or may be dynamic based on thedisplayed video content.

Optionally, the display device and control thereof may provide increasedintensity during daytime conditions. Typical displays use Red, Green,and Blue sub-pixels (or pixels of a sub-array comprising three or morepixels with respective spectral filters or elements). In order toincrease the overall brightness of the displayed images, and such asshown in FIG. 7 , the display device 16 of the present inventionincludes an additional “white” or clear sub-pixel within the pixelsub-arrays of the LCD panel, such that there are 4 sub-pixels or 4pixels of each sub-array (a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, a bluesub-pixel and a white/clear sub-pixel). Use of the white/clear sub-pixelincreases the overall brightness of the displayed image. The white/clearpixel could be of the same dimensions as the R, G, B pixels, or slightlydifferent dimensions to provide the desired lighting effect or toincrease the effective brightness, depending on the particularapplication. Optionally, such a display device configured withwhite/clear pixels may be altered between emitting or displaying animage using the white/clear pixels and emitting or displaying an imagewithout the white/clear pixels, such as when glare and/or night-timedriving conditions are sensed. The sub-pixels are individually addressedto provide the desire color for each pixel of the display screen, andthe white/clear sub-pixel may be addressed to allow more or less lightto pass therethrough to brighten or darken the displayed imagesaccordingly.

Also, since eyes can change peak color or wavelength sensitivitydepending on the ambient lighting conditions, the display colors may beadjusted to match optimum sensitivity of the human eye with the currentsensed ambient lighting conditions. For example, the video or imagedisplayed by the display device 16 may be changed from a full-colorimage display to a black and white image during a sensed or otherwisedetermined night-time condition or other conditions, such as a sensedglare in the display area.

Optionally, the display device and control may adjust or change thevideo signal processing during nighttime or other conditions. Theluminance or other video signal parameters of the display device may beadjusted to display a more usable image to the user. For example, thevideo signal processing may be changed during nighttime conditions. Forexample, in a dark lighting condition, the red color curve of thedisplayed image may be modified to make lighting from the vehicle's ownbrake lights less prominent or obvious to the driver viewing thedisplayed images. Video processing may also use the sum of the three RGBsub-pixels in order to yield a substantially brighter image.

In such dark lighting conditions, the video signal may be modified atthe moment of brake light activation, to limit or substantially preventflicker or glare from being perceived in the video display, which wouldneed communication from the vehicle as to the brake-light status, suchas via a CAN network. Responsive to a signal indicative of actuation ofthe brakes, the backlight intensity may be reduced or the luminanceportion of the video signal may be reduced by changing the signalprocessing.

It is desirable that the display device 16 provides enhanced orsubstantial backlighting of the display screen to enhance theviewability of the display screen during high ambient lightingconditions. However, enhanced illumination typically results inincreased operating temperatures of the display device due to the heatdissipation by the light sources of the rear backlighting, and, thus, isoften challenging for applications within an enclosed structure such asa mirror casing. In the illustrated embodiment, in order to reduce theoperating temperature at the display device 16, including heat generatedfrom the backlight array 30, the mirror assembly may include one or morethermally conductive elements or heat dissipating elements or heatsinksto conduct/dissipate heat generated by the LCM display device 16. Theheatsink may be an integral part of the backlighting LED array or may bea separate piece, and may be any thermally conductive material, such asa metal or alloy, shaped to have protrusions or fins that allow aircirculation to further dissipate heat from the backlighting LED array.Optionally, the heatsink may comprise a polymer resin, with or withoutfiller materials to increase thermal conductivity. For example, theheatsink may comprise materials of the types produced by Celanese underthe trademark COOLPOLY.

Optionally, and such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 , the backlight array 30may include a plurality of backlight zones which can be independentlycontrolled for intensity (to individually or separately control thebrightness or intensity of respective portions of the displayed images),and each zone (or even each individual LED) can be controlledindividually or as part of a group or set of zones. The zones maycomprise between 2 and 128 zones, and the zones may be further operatedas groups of zones that are actuated together, where the groups may befixed or dynamically defined with software. Software or dedicatedhardware machines analyze each frame of video image data and control theindividual LED intensities based on the ambient lighting environment aswell as the spatial luminance within that particular frame. The LEDbacklight may include zones of individual LEDs or sets of LEDs or mostpreferably individually addressable LEDs that are configured toindependently actuate and increase or decrease brightness based on thebrightness and/or content of the images displayed by the display device.For example, each zone of LEDs may comprise multiple LEDs and preferablyone LED, and the LEDs of each zone may be commonly powered to achieve aspecific zone intensity.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the video input to be displayed on the LCDpanel may be separately processed by a backlight processor to controlthe backlight array, such as with the zones, based on the image contentof the video input. This processing may be selectively performed, butmore preferably processed automatically using a combination ofinformation such as user preference settings, ambient forward and/orrearward light sensors and most importantly the spatial luminanceinformation within each frame of video. During nighttime drivingconditions in very dark ambient lighting, the light leakage from thebacklight through the TFT panel can cause irritation to a driver whenhis or her eyes are completely dark adapted. Such dimming could beconfigured to prevent the display from appearing gray during nightconditions, allow selective brightening or even turn on only LEDs inareas where headlights are present. Such localized or regional dimmingof the LED backlight is also applicable during higher ambient drivingconditions. Each frame of video image data captured during daytimeambient conditions has varying spatial requirements for backlightintensity. By only driving bright spatial regions with bright backlightintensities, significant power can be saved in the backlight. Inaddition, the contrast and color quality of individual frames can bedynamically and continuously optimized to only use peak LED power whereit is absolutely needed. During daytime conditions, it is common formost images to have bright sky regions in the upper half of an image anddarker ground or foliage content in the lower half of the displayedimages. LEDs in the sky region or upper region would be driven with ahigher current or higher PWM duty cycle than those LEDs in the darkerground and foliage regions of the display. Power savings in thebacklight current budget can be realized under most daytime andnighttime video frames. There will be unique situations such as sunnydays where the landscape is snow covered under which power savings maybe minimal.

It is preferable to have individual light emitting diodes independentlycontrolled based on determined display intensities of respectiveportions of the video images displayed by the video display device. Forexample, the particular zones of backlighting LEDs to be increased ordecreased in intensity may be determined responsive to processing ofimage data representative of the displayed images, such as to determineglare regions or bright spots (or dark spots) in the images, whereby thebacklighting zones associated with the glare regions or bright spots mayhave the LED intensity increased and/or the backlighting zonesassociated with dark areas may have the LED intensity decreased. Forexample, at least one zone of the plurality of zones of light emittingdiodes may be brightened responsive to a determination of a glaresource, such as a headlight of a rear-approaching vehicle or a glare orreflection of light off of a windshield of a rear-approaching vehicle orthe like, being present in the rearward field of view of said rearwardviewing camera. Also, for example, at least one zone of the plurality ofzones of light emitting diodes may be darkened (or have its intensitydecreased) responsive to a determination of a darker region, such as ashaded region or shadow or the like, being present in the rearward fieldof view of the rearward viewing camera, particularly during daytimedriving conditions where the other regions of the captured images arebrighter. The goal of localized intensity control of LEDs is to alwaysattempt to use the lowest possible luminance output for that particularlighting environment and spatial content of the video image that thatparticular LED can influence.

The display system thus determines brighter regions (such as headlightsor the like) and darker regions (such as sky at night or shadows or thelike) and accordingly adjusts the backlighting of the display regions ona frame-by-frame basis. Additionally, the display system may make frameby frame modifications to the spatial video signal being written to thepixels of the display in order to compensate for luminance gradient thateach LED influences in the LCD. One LED may illuminate a 1 cm region ofdisplay surface with the pixels directly adjacent to the LED beingilluminated with more energy than the pixels on the perimeter of theLEDs influence region. The video signal around luminance transitionregions may need to be enhanced in software to intentionally increase ordecrease the video signal itself to compensate for the gradient causedby individual LEDs. When the local dimming of the backlight and theenhancement to the video signal are optimized to work together theresult is to provide sharp, uniform and natural gradients in luminancetransitions, while reducing overall backlighting of the display screento conserve power. For example, in order to provide enhanced sharpdisplay of a headlamp (or other light source) at night, the LED or LEDs(or zone of LEDs) at the region displaying the headlamp may be adjustedto provide a desired brightness and simultaneously the video signalsupplied to display pixels surrounding the headlamp may also be adjustedor dimmed so as to compensate for the gradient glow surrounding theheadlight LEDs. The displayed image has a sharper and natural contrastbetween the displayed headlamp and its darker surroundings (thusreducing any glow or halo around the displayed headlamp). The processingof the captured image data and such adjustments of the backlighting andthe of the display screen are made on a frame-by-frame basis such thatthe displayed images are adjusted for enhanced/optimized display andviewing, while at the same time conserving power in the display system.The goal of the “local dimming concept” is to first save power and to dothis by minimizing the intensity in dark areas and only using brightintensity in bright areas. Local dimming thus saves power and at thesame time can enhance the appearance of some video content (such as byincreasing shadow areas to enhance viewing of those areas and/or bydarkening darker areas to achieve better contrast).

Further, and such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 , the display device mayinclude an LCD panel that has an LED backlight array with at least twodimming ranges configured to reduce illumination intensity of the LEDbacklight during the sensed night-time driving conditions, such thatmaximum intensity is reduced during night-time. For example, and such asillustrated in FIG. 9 , a day mode intensity and a night mode intensitymay be separately defined and have separate brightness level changeswith different pulse width modulation (PWM) percentages, therebyallowing brightness to be reduced at different levels when switchingfrom day mode to night mode. Accordingly, the illumination source(s) ofthe backlight array 30 may comprise one or more light emitting diodes(LEDs) (such as a plurality of LEDs, such as high intensity LEDs of thetypes described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,195,381, which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety), or may comprise cold-cathodefluorescent sources, laser diode sources, electroluminescent sources, orthe like, and may be electrically activatable or operable or energizableto backlight or illuminate the display screen.

For a thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD) videodisplay element or other display types, the desired degree of luminancemay be achieved by, but is not limited to, cold cathode fluorescenttubes, white LEDs, or white light generated through color mixing of red,green, and blue LEDs, or other suitable illumination sources orelements, located at the TFT LCD display element behind thereflector/reflective element, as shown in FIG. 3 .

The innovations of the present invention may also be used in videomirrors such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,057,875 to Fish Jr.,et al. titled “Display Mirror Assembly,” which issued Jun. 16, 2015, andin U.S. Publication No. US-2014-0347488 (filed as U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/358,192 on Oct. 29, 2012) and titled “Videodisplay mirror and video display mirror system”, the disclosures ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.In such video mirrors that utilize a full-screen or near full-screenvideo display, an actuator device is adjustable to tilt a mirrored glasselement in one direction, thereby moving the mirrored glass element toan off-axis position which approximately simultaneously changes theon/off state of a video display module. The actuator device is alsoadjustable to tilt the glass element in another direction, therebymoving the glass element to an on-axis position which approximatelysimultaneously changes the on/off state of the display module. Themirror assembly and display and adjustment may utilize aspects of themirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,205,780, which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The video display mirror can be provided with a transflective mirrorelement, a video display module and an interlocking mechanism. Thetransflective mirror element can be used so that a vehicle driver canlook towards the rear of the vehicle by viewing an interior mirrorassembly that comprises the transflective mirror element. The videodisplay module is disposed near and behind the transflective mirrorelement in the interior mirror assembly at the windshield of theequipped vehicle. The interlocking mechanism moves to result in thevideo images (such as captured by and fed from a rear-viewing videocamera or set of video cameras of the equipped vehicle) being displayedon a video screen of the video display module and changes the angle of areflection surface of the transflective mirror element from the positionof the transflective mirror element when the rear of the vehicle isviewed.

The actuator can be a manually operated and manually-powered togglemechanism, or may be manually operated but with a motor-powered togglemechanism. Optionally and preferably, such toggling or tilting or movingof such full display hybrid video mirrors from one state (where a videocaptured by at least one video camera of the equipped vehicle isdisplayed by the video screen of the video display module for viewing bythe driver as he or she operates and drives the equipped vehicle) to asecond state (where a video captured by at least one video camera of theequipped vehicle is not displayed by the video screen of the videodisplay module for viewing by the driver and where the driver viewsrearward via a mirror reflector of the transflective mirror element) ishands-free and is achieved by at least one of (i) voice control/voicecommand and (ii) gesture control/gesture command. Alternatively oradditionally, touch sensing/touch control can be used.

Since the camera may optionally be mounted on movable portions of thevehicle, such as the rear window or trunk lid or lift gate, the displaymay optionally be disabled when the camera is not pointed in thedesigned or selected or intended direction. The vehicle can command thedisplay to OFF based on the sensed position of the camera mounting, suchas the lift-gate being ajar. Alternatively, the camera or display mayperform analytics on the video image (such as via image processing ofimage data captured by the camera) to determine if the captured scene orfield of view is appropriate for that camera. If the field of the viewof the camera is determined to be not appropriate, the display may bedisabled.

The display device may also be controlled or operable in response to aninput or signal, such as a signal received from one or more cameras orimage sensors of the vehicle, such as a video camera or sensor, such asa CMOS imaging array sensor, a CCD sensor or the like, and imageprocessors or image processing techniques, such as utilizing aspects ofthe cameras and image processors described U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,550,677;5,670,935; 5,760,962; 6,498,620; 6,396,397; 6,222,447; 6,201,642;6,097,023; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,715,093; 6,922,292; 6,757,109;6,717,610; 6,590,719; 6,320,176; 6,559,435; 6,831,261; 6,806,452;6,822,563; 6,946,978; 7,038,577; 7,004,606 and/or 7,720,580, and/or U.S.Pat. Pub. Nos. US-2006-0171704; US-2009-0244361 and/or US-2010-0214791,and/or International Publication Nos. WO 2009/046268 and/or WO2009/036176, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties, or from one or more imaging systems of the vehicle,such as a reverse or backup aid system, such as a rearwardly directedvehicle vision system utilizing principles disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,550,677; 5,760,962; 5,670,935; 6,201,642; 6,396,397; 6,498,620;6,717,610 and/or 6,757,109, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties, a trailer hitching aid or tow checksystem, such as the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,005,974, which ishereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a cabin viewingor monitoring device or system, such as a baby viewing or rear seatviewing camera or device or system or the like, such as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,877,897; 6,690,268, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties, a video communication device orsystem, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,268, which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and/or the like. Theimaging sensor or camera may be activated and the display screen may beactivated in response to the vehicle shifting into reverse, such thatthe display screen is viewable by the driver and is displaying an imageof the rearward scene while the driver is reversing the vehicle. It isenvisioned that an image processor or controller (such as an EYEQ™ imageprocessing chip available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. ofJerusalem, Israel, and such as an image processor of the types describedin International Pub. No. WO 2010/099416, which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety) may process image data captured bythe rearward facing camera to assess glare lighting conditions (such asto detect headlights of following vehicles that may cause glare at theinterior and/or exterior rearview mirror assemblies of the equippedvehicle), and the controller may adjust or control the dimming of theelectro-optic mirror assembly or assemblies of the equipped vehicleresponsive to such image processing.

Optionally, the full display mirror may comprise a fixed reflectance ornon-electro-optic reflective element, such as a prismatic reflectiveelement or a flat or planar glass reflective element or the like, with atransflective mirror reflector disposed at one surface of the reflectiveelement. The reflective element may comprise a thin chrome layer and maycomprise a dielectric mirror that is transparent and reflective, suchas, for example, at least about 35 percent reflective (such as, forexample, about 42 percent reflective or thereabouts). Optionally, thesecond surface of the LCD display screen may comprise a reflector toenhance reflectance of the mirror reflective element. Optionally, thefront glass at the LCD display screen may comprise gorilla glass orother suitably durable and thin and strong glass substrate.

Optionally, the display screen or display system may provide graphicoverlays at the displayed images to enhance the viewer's understandingof the displayed images, such as to overlay or shade displayed images tohighlight features or distances from the vehicle. Optionally, graphicoverlays, such as in the form of horizontal lines or shading or thelike, may be provided to represent distance from the vehicle's bumper tovarious locations rearward of the vehicle, such as shown in FIGS. 11,12, 14 and 15 . Optionally, graphic overlays in the form of angled linesmay be provided to show reference for the sides of the vehicle and wherethe sides of the vehicle would be along the projected rearward path ortrajectory of the vehicle, such as shown in FIGS. 13-15 . The graphicoverlays may comprise static overlays or may comprise dynamic overlays,where the overlays are adjusted responsive to a steering angle of thevehicle or the like.

Because the display screen may be active for prolonged periods of time,the mirror head and/or display screen or module preferably includes heatdissipating means, such as a heatsink or the like. Optionally, thehousing may comprise a heat reducing or heat dissipating material, suchas aluminum, plastic and/or magnesium or the like. In addition, themounting bracket to the windscreen or windshield may be thermallyconnected, in order to increase the heat dissipation from the module.

As shown in FIG. 16 , the display module may include a heatsink at ornear the decoder PCB. For example, the heatsink may comprise a plate orstructure or element that is disposed along or over a surface of thedecoder PCB. Optionally, the display module may comprise additional heatdissipating means or enhancements, such as use of a thermal insulatingcoating or tape, such as a ceramic “doped” paint or the like, to limitor substantially preclude heat transfer from a heatsink to the decoderPCB of the display module. For example, such a thermal insulatingcoating or paint may be applied over the entire heatsink or smallerareas to protect sensitive components on the decoder PCB. Optionally,use of a thermally conducting compound or tape, such as an elastomer orresilient material, may be used to thermally connect or couple thedecoder PCB to the heatsink, so as to provide enhanced heat transferfrom components of the decoder PCB to the heatsink. For example, andsuch as can be seen with reference to FIG. 17 , a gap pad or thermalinterface material may be provided between the heatsink and decoder PCBto enhance such heat transfer.

Optionally, and with reference to FIG. 19 , image data captured by acamera at the vehicle is transmitted to a deserializer and then to adecoder and a TFT voltage driver and then to the TFT display. Acontroller is responsive to the deserializer and decoder (and a userinput or on/off switch) and controls the backlight driver and LEDbacklighting at the TFT display. Optionally, the controller may also beresponsive to or in communication with a vehicle network or CAN or LINcommunication bus interface. Optionally, the controller may also controlthe EC drive circuit to control the dimming of the electro-optic orelectrochromic mirror reflective element (so that the control may undimthe reflective element when the display is operating to enhance viewingof the display through the mirror reflective element).

The mirror assembly may also include user actuatable inputs operable tocontrol any of the accessories of or associated with the mirror assemblyand/or an accessory module or the like. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 10 ,the mirror assembly 10 may include a button or user input for actuatingthe display device 16. The user input may incorporate one or more touchor proximity sensitive user inputs and associated icons or the like so auser can readily identify the purpose or function of the user inputs andactuate the appropriate or desired or selected user input. For example,the mirror assembly may include touch sensitive elements or touchsensors or proximity sensors, such as the types of touch sensitiveelements described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,594,222; 6,001,486; 6,310,611;6,320,282; 6,627,918; 7,224,324 and/or 7,253,723, and/or InternationalPublication Nos. WO 2012/051500 and/or WO 2013/071070, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties, or such asproximity sensors of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,224,324;7,249,860 and/or 7,446,924, and/or International Publication No. WO2004/058540, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties, or such as membrane type switches, such as described in U.S.Pat. No. 7,360,932, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference inits entirety, or such as detectors and the like, such as the typesdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,255,541; 6,504,531; 6,501,465; 6,492,980;6,452,479; 6,437,258 and/or 6,369,804, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties, and/or the like, whileremaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Optionally, the user inputs or buttons may comprise user inputs for agarage door opening system, such as a vehicle based garage door openingsystem of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,396,408; 6,362,771;7,023,322 and/or 5,798,688, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties. Optionally, the user inputs may also orotherwise comprise user inputs for a telematics system of the vehicle,such as, for example, an ONSTAR® system as found in General Motorsvehicles and/or such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,862,594;4,937,945; 5,131,154; 5,255,442; 5,632,092; 5,798,688; 5,971,552;5,924,212; 6,243,003; 6,278,377; 6,420,975; 6,477,464; 6,946,978;7,308,341; 7,167,796; 7,004,593; 7,657,052 and/or 6,678,614, and/or U.S.Pat. Pub. No. US-2006-0050018, which are all hereby incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties. Optionally, the mirror assembly and/orany associated user inputs may be associated with various accessories orsystems, such as, for example, a tire pressure monitoring system or apassenger air bag status or a garage door opening system or a telematicssystem or any other accessory or system of the mirror assembly or of thevehicle or of an accessory module or console of the vehicle, such as anaccessory module or console of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos.7,289,037; 6,877,888; 6,824,281; 6,690,268; 6,672,744; 6,386,742 and/or6,124,886, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

The mirror assembly may comprise any suitable construction, such as, forexample, a mirror assembly with the reflective element being nested inthe mirror casing and with a bezel portion that circumscribes aperimeter region of the front surface of the reflective element, or withthe mirror casing having a curved or beveled perimeter edge around thereflective element and with no overlap onto the front surface of thereflective element (such as by utilizing aspects of the mirrorassemblies described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,255,451; 7,289,037; 7,360,932;8,049,640; 8,277,059 and/or 8,529,108, or such as a mirror assemblyhaving a rear substrate of an electro-optic or electrochromic reflectiveelement nested in the mirror casing, and with the front substrate havingcurved or beveled perimeter edges, or such as a mirror assembly having aprismatic reflective element that is disposed at an outer perimeter edgeof the mirror casing and with the prismatic substrate having curved orbeveled perimeter edges, such as described in U.S. Des. Pat. Nos.D633,423; D633,019; D638,761 and/or D647,017, and/or InternationalPublication Nos. WO 2010/124064; WO 2011/044312; WO 2012/051500; WO2013/071070 and/or WO 2013/126719, which are hereby incorporated hereinby reference in their entireties (and with electrochromic and prismaticmirrors of such construction are commercially available from theassignee of this application under the trade name INFINITY™ mirror).

As discussed above, the mirror assembly may comprise an electro-optic orelectrochromic mirror assembly that includes an electro-optic orelectrochromic reflective element. The perimeter edges of the reflectiveelement may be encased or encompassed by the perimeter element orportion of the bezel portion to conceal and contain and envelop theperimeter edges of the substrates and the perimeter seal disposedtherebetween. The electrochromic mirror element of the electrochromicmirror assembly may utilize the principles disclosed in commonlyassigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 7,184,190;6,690,268; 5,140,455; 5,151,816; 6,178,034; 6,154,306; 6,002,544;5,567,360; 5,525,264; 5,610,756; 5,406,414; 5,253,109; 5,076,673;5,073,012; 5,117,346; 5,724,187; 5,668,663; 5,910,854; 5,142,407 and/or4,712,879, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

Although shown as an electrochromic mirror application, it is envisionedthat the mirror assembly may comprise a prismatic or flat glassreflective element, while remaining within the spirit and scope of thepresent invention. The prismatic mirror assembly may be mounted orattached at an interior portion of a vehicle (such as at an interiorsurface of a vehicle windshield) via the mounting means described above,and the reflective element may be toggled or flipped or adjusted betweenits daytime reflectivity position and its nighttime reflectivityposition via any suitable toggle means, such as by utilizing aspects ofthe mirror assemblies described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,318,870; 7,249,860,and/or U.S. Publication No. US-2010-0085653, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Optionally, forexample, the interior rearview mirror assembly may comprise a prismaticmirror assembly, such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos.7,289,037; 7,249,860; 6,318,870; 6,598,980; 5,327,288; 4,948,242;4,826,289; 4,436,371 and/or 4,435,042, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties. Optionally, the prismaticreflective element may comprise a conventional prismatic reflectiveelement or prism or may comprise a prismatic reflective element of thetypes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,420,756; 7,289,037; 7,274,501;7,249,860; 7,338,177 and/or 7,255,451, which are all hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties, without affecting the scope ofthe present invention. A variety of mirror accessories and constructionsare known in the art, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,555,136; 5,582,383; 5,680,263; 5,984,482; 6,227,675; 6,229,319 and/or6,315,421 (which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties), that can benefit from the present invention.

Optionally, the reflective element may include an opaque orsubstantially opaque or hiding perimeter layer or coating or banddisposed around a perimeter edge region of the front substrate (such asat a perimeter region of the rear or second surface of the frontsubstrate) to conceal or hide or the perimeter seal from viewing by thedriver of the vehicle when the mirror assembly is normally mounted inthe vehicle. Such a hiding layer or perimeter band may be reflective ornot reflective and may utilize aspects of the perimeter bands and mirrorassemblies described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,066,112; 7,626,749; 7,274,501;7,184,190 and/or 7,255,451, and/or International Publication Nos. WO2010/124064 and/or WO 2011/044312, which are all hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

Optionally, the mirror assembly may include one or more otheraccessories at or within the mirror casing, such as one or moreelectrical or electronic devices or accessories, such as antennas,including global positioning system (GPS) or cellular phone antennas,such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,552, a communication module,such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,688, a blind spot detectionsystem, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,929,786; 5,786,772,transmitters and/or receivers, such as a garage door opener or the like,a digital network, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,575, ahigh/low headlamp controller, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,796,094; 5,715,093, a memory mirror system, such as disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,796,176, a hands-free phone attachment, a video device forinternal cabin surveillance and/or video telephone function, such asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,962; 5,877,897, a remote keyless entryreceiver, lights, such as map reading lights or one or more other lightsor illumination sources, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,690,268;5,938,321; 5,813,745; 5,820,245; 5,673,994; 5,649,756; 5,178,448;5,671,996; 4,646,210; 4,733,336; 4,807,096; 6,042,253; 5,669,698;7,195,381; 6,971,775 and/or 7,249,860, microphones, such as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 7,657,052; 6,243,003; 6,278,377 and/or 6,420,975,speakers, antennas, including global positioning system (GPS) orcellular phone antennas, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,552, acommunication module, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,688, avoice recorder, a blind spot detection system, such as disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 7,720,580; 7,038,577; 6,882,287; 5,929,786 and/or 5,786,772,transmitters and/or receivers, such as for a garage door opener or avehicle door unlocking system or the like (such as a remote keylessentry system), a digital network, such as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,798,575, a high/low headlamp controller, such as a camera-basedheadlamp control, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,796,094;5,715,093, a memory mirror system, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,796,176, a hands-free phone attachment, an imaging system orcomponents or circuitry or display thereof, such as an imaging and/ordisplay system of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,400,435;7,526,103; 6,690,268 and/or 6,847,487, and/or U.S. Pat. Pub. No.US-2006-0125919, a video device for internal cabin surveillance (such asfor sleep detection or driver drowsiness detection or the like) and/orvideo telephone function, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,760,962;5,877,897, a remote keyless entry receiver, a seat occupancy detector, aremote starter control, a yaw sensor, a clock, a carbon monoxidedetector, status displays, such as displays that display a status of adoor of the vehicle, a transmission selection (4wd/2wd or tractioncontrol (TCS) or the like), an antilock braking system, a road condition(that may warn the driver of icy road conditions) and/or the like, atrip computer, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) receiver (suchas described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,124,647; 6,294,989; 6,445,287;6,472,979; 6,731,205 and/or 7,423,522, and/or an ONSTAR® system, acompass, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,924,212; 4,862,594;4,937,945; 5,131,154; 5,255,442 and/or 5,632,092, and/or any otheraccessory or circuitry or the like (with all of the above-referencedpatents and publications being commonly assigned and being herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties).

Optionally, the accessory or accessories, such as those described above,may be positioned at or within the mirror casing and/or mirror capportion or the like, and may be included on or integrated in a printedcircuit board positioned within the mirror casing and/or cap portion,such as along a rear surface of the reflective element or elsewherewithin a cavity defined by the casing, without affecting the scope ofthe present invention. The user actuatable inputs and/or touch sensorsand/or proximity sensors and displays described above may be actuatableto control and/or adjust the accessories of the mirror assembly/systemand/or overhead console and/or accessory module and/or vehicle. Theconnection or link between the controls and the display screen deviceand/or the navigation system and/or other systems and accessories of themirror system may be provided via vehicle electronic or communicationsystems and the like, and may be connected via various protocols ornodes, such as BLUETOOTH®, SCP, UBP, J1850, CAN J2284, Fire Wire 1394,MOST, LIN, FLEXRAY™, Byte Flight and/or the like, or other vehicle-basedor in-vehicle communication links or systems (such as WIFI and/or IRDA)and/or the like, or via VHF or UHF or other wireless transmissionformats, depending on the particular application of the mirror/accessorysystem and the vehicle. Optionally, the connections or links may beprovided via various wireless connectivity or links, without affectingthe scope of the present invention.

Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments maybe carried out without departing from the principles of the presentinvention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of theappended claims as interpreted according to the principles of patentlaw.

1. A vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly, thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly comprising: amirror head pivotable about a mirror support, wherein the mirror supportis configured to attach at an interior portion of a vehicle equippedwith the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly; whereinthe mirror head comprises a mirror reflective element; wherein themirror reflective element comprises an electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement having a front substrate and a rear substrate with anelectrochromic medium disposed therebetween, and wherein the frontsubstrate has a first surface and a second surface and the rearsubstrate has a third surface and a fourth surface, the second surfaceand the third surface opposing the electrochromic medium; wherein atransflective mirror reflector is disposed at the third surface, andwherein the transflective mirror reflector at least partially reflectslight incident thereon and at least partially transmits incident lighttherethrough; wherein the electrochromic mirror reflective elementcomprises a viewable reflective region viewable by a driver of theequipped vehicle with the mirror support attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle; a video display device disposed behindthe viewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement; wherein the video display device comprises a display screenthat occupies at least 75 percent of the viewable reflective region ofthe electrochromic mirror reflective element; wherein the video displaydevice comprises at least one light emitting diode for backlighting thedisplay screen; wherein the display screen comprises a plurality ofpixel sub-arrays that are backlit by the at least one light emittingdiode, each pixel sub-array of the plurality of pixel sub-arrayscomprising a red pixel, a green pixel, a blue pixel and a clear pixel;wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, the video display device is operable to display videoimages derived from image data captured by at least one rearward viewingcamera of the equipped vehicle for viewing by the driver of the equippedvehicle; wherein, with the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly operating in a first state, the video display device does notdisplay video images at the display screen and the driver views rearwardvia reflection at the viewable reflective region, and wherein, with thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in asecond state, the video display device displays video images at thedisplay screen for viewing by the driver of the equipped vehicle; atoggle mechanism, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, the toggle mechanism isoperable by the driver of the equipped vehicle to toggle the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly between operation in thefirst state and operation in the second state; wherein, when operatingin a daytime mode, the display screen utilizes the red pixels, the greenpixels, the blue pixels and the clear pixels of the pixel sub-arrays;and wherein, when operating in a nighttime mode, the display screenutilizes the red pixels, the green pixels and the blue pixels of thepixel sub-arrays and does not utilize the clear pixels of the pixelsub-arrays.
 2. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 1, wherein the viewable reflective region comprises acenter zone, a driver-side zone and a passenger-side zone, and wherein,with the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblyoperating in the second state, video images displayed by the displayscreen at the center zone of the viewable reflective region are at unitmagnification.
 3. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 2, wherein, with the vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, video imagesdisplayed at the driver-side zone are not displayed at unitmagnification and video images displayed at the passenger-side zone arenot displayed at unit magnification.
 4. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 2, wherein, with thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in thesecond state, video images displayed by the display screen at the centerzone of the viewable reflective region (i) are demarcated from videoimages displayed by the display screen at the driver-side zone via afirst vertical demarcation and (ii) are demarcated from video imagesdisplayed by the display screen at the passenger-side zone via a secondvertical demarcation.
 5. The vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one rearward viewingcamera comprises a rear backup camera of the equipped vehicle, andwherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, the video display device, with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in the secondstate and when the equipped vehicle is shifted to a reverse gear,displays video images derived from image data captured by the rearbackup camera of the equipped vehicle.
 6. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least onerearward viewing camera comprises a camera located at a rear portion ofthe equipped vehicle.
 7. The vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly of claim 1, wherein, with the mirror support attached atthe interior portion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in the secondstate, the video display device displays video images derived from imagedata captured by a set of cameras of the equipped vehicle, the set ofcameras including the at least one rearward viewing camera.
 8. Thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 1,wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, electrochromic dimming of the electrochromic mirrorreflective element varies responsive to a light level detected by alight sensor to enhance visibility of displayed video images at theviewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement.
 9. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblyof claim 1, wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle, display intensity of the video displaydevice varies responsive to a light level detected by a light sensor toenhance visibility of displayed video images at the viewable reflectiveregion of the electrochromic mirror reflective element.
 10. Thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 1,wherein the electrochromic mirror reflective element comprises anoverhang region where a cross dimension of the front substrate isgreater than a corresponding cross dimension of the rear substrate, andwherein a light sensor is disposed at the overhang region, and whereinthe light sensor senses light levels at the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly, and wherein the light sensor isdisposed behind the front substrate and below the video display device,and wherein the light sensor senses light that passes through the frontsubstrate of the electrochromic mirror reflective element at theoverhang region, and wherein light that passes through the frontsubstrate at the overhang region does not pass through theelectrochromic medium of the electrochromic mirror reflective element.11. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim1, wherein the video display device is operated responsive at least inpart to actuation by the driver of an input.
 12. The vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 11, wherein theinput is configured to actuate based on a touch event at the firstsurface of the front substrate of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement.
 13. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblyof claim 1, wherein the video display device comprises a video processorthat increases background image luminance to limit viewability ofreflected images at the viewable reflective region.
 14. The vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 1, wherein the atleast one light emitting diode comprises a plurality of light emittingdiodes.
 15. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblyof claim 14, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises aplurality of zones of light emitting diodes, and wherein each zone ofthe plurality of zones of light emitting diodes comprises at least twolight emitting diodes, and wherein the zones of light emitting diodesbacklight respective regions of the video display device, and wherein,with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of the equippedvehicle, and with the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly operating in the second state, the backlit regions of the videodisplay device display respective areas in a rearward field of view ofthe at least one rearward viewing camera.
 16. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 15, wherein, with the mirrorsupport attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle, andwith the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblyoperating in the second state, the zones of light emitting diodes areindependently controlled based on the video images being displayed atthe respective backlit regions by the video display device.
 17. Thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 15,wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, at least one zone of the plurality of zones of lightemitting diodes is controlled responsive to a determination, via a lightsensor at the mirror head, of a headlight of a rear-approaching vehiclebeing present at the area in the rearward field of view of the at leastone rearward viewing camera that is being displayed at the backlitregion of the video display device that is backlit by the at least onezone of the plurality of zones of light emitting diodes.
 18. Thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 15,wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly operating in the second state, at least one zone of theplurality of zones of light emitting diodes backlights an upper backlitregion of the display screen, and wherein the at least one zone isdimmed to reduce display intensity of a sky region of the displayedvideo images.
 19. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 1, wherein the toggle mechanism is manually operableby the driver of the equipped vehicle to change the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly between operation in the first stateand operation in the second state.
 20. The vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly of claim 1, wherein the toggle mechanismcomprises a motor-powered toggle mechanism operable by the driver of theequipped vehicle to change the vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly between operation in the first state and operation inthe second state.
 21. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 1, wherein the display screen of the video displaydevice occupies at least 85 percent of the viewable reflective region ofthe electrochromic mirror reflective element.
 22. The vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 1, wherein thedisplay screen of the video display device occupies at least 95 percentof the viewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirrorreflective element.
 23. The vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly of claim 1, wherein, with the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, the atleast one light emitting diode operates (i) in the daytime mode whenambient light at the vehicle is greater than a threshold intensity and(ii) in the nighttime mode when ambient light at the vehicle is lessthan the threshold intensity.
 24. A vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly, the vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly comprising: a mirror head pivotable about a mirrorsupport, wherein the mirror support is configured to attach at aninterior portion of a vehicle equipped with the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly; wherein the mirror head comprises amirror reflective element; wherein the mirror reflective elementcomprises an electrochromic mirror reflective element having a frontsubstrate and a rear substrate with an electrochromic medium disposedtherebetween, and wherein the front substrate has a first surface and asecond surface and the rear substrate has a third surface and a fourthsurface, the second surface and the third surface opposing theelectrochromic medium; wherein a transflective mirror reflector isdisposed at the third surface, and wherein the transflective mirrorreflector at least partially reflects light incident thereon and atleast partially transmits incident light therethrough; wherein theelectrochromic mirror reflective element comprises a viewable reflectiveregion viewable by a driver of the equipped vehicle with the mirrorsupport attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle; avideo display device disposed behind the viewable reflective region ofthe electrochromic mirror reflective element; wherein the video displaydevice comprises a display screen that occupies at least 85 percent ofthe viewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement; wherein the video display device comprises at least one lightemitting diode for backlighting the display screen; wherein the displayscreen comprises a plurality of pixel sub-arrays that are backlit by theat least one light emitting diode, each pixel sub-array of the pluralityof pixel sub-arrays comprising a red pixel, a green pixel, a blue pixeland a clear pixel; wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, the video display device isoperable to display video images derived from image data captured by atleast one rearward viewing camera of the equipped vehicle for viewing bythe driver of the equipped vehicle; wherein, with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in a first state,the video display device does not display video images at the displayscreen and the driver views rearward via reflection at the viewablereflective region, and wherein, with the vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly operating in a second state, the video displaydevice displays video images at the display screen for viewing by thedriver of the equipped vehicle; a toggle mechanism, wherein, with themirror support attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle,the toggle mechanism is operable by the driver of the equipped vehicleto toggle the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assemblybetween operation in the first state and operation in the second state;wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, display intensity of the video display device variesresponsive to a light level detected by a light sensor; wherein, whenoperating in a daytime mode, the display screen utilizes the red pixels,the green pixels, the blue pixels and the clear pixels of the pixelsub-arrays; wherein, when operating in a nighttime mode, the displayscreen utilizes the red pixels, the green pixels and the blue pixels ofthe pixel sub-arrays and does not utilize the clear pixels of the pixelsub-arrays; and wherein, with the vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly operating in the second state, the at least one lightemitting diode operates (i) in the daytime mode when the detected lightlevel is greater than a threshold intensity and (ii) in the nighttimemode when the detected light level is less than the threshold intensity.25. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim24, wherein the at least one rearward viewing camera comprises a rearbackup camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein, with the mirrorsupport attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle, thevideo display device, with the vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly operating in the second state and when the equippedvehicle is shifted to a reverse gear, displays video images derived fromimage data captured by the rear backup camera of the equipped vehicle.26. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim24, wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion ofthe equipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, the videodisplay device displays video images derived from image data captured bya set of cameras of the equipped vehicle, the set of cameras includingthe at least one rearward viewing camera.
 27. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 24, wherein, with the mirrorsupport attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle,electrochromic dimming of the electrochromic mirror reflective elementvaries responsive to the light level detected by the light sensor. 28.The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 24,wherein the at least one light emitting diode comprises a plurality oflight emitting diodes.
 29. The vehicular dual-state interior rearviewmirror assembly of claim 28, wherein the plurality of light emittingdiodes comprises a plurality of zones of light emitting diodes, andwherein each zone of the plurality of zones of light emitting diodescomprises at least two light emitting diodes, and wherein the zones oflight emitting diodes backlight respective regions of the video displaydevice, and wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, thebacklit regions of the video display device display respective areas ina rearward field of view of the at least one rearward viewing camera.30. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim29, wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion ofthe equipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, the zones oflight emitting diodes are independently controlled based on the videoimages being displayed at the respective backlit regions by the videodisplay device.
 31. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 29, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, at least one zone of theplurality of zones of light emitting diodes is controlled responsive toa determination, via a light sensor at the mirror head, of a headlightof a rear-approaching vehicle being present at the area in the rearwardfield of view of the at least one rearward viewing camera that is beingdisplayed at the backlit region of the video display device that isbacklit by the at least one zone of the plurality of zones of lightemitting diodes.
 32. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 29, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in the secondstate, at least one zone of the plurality of zones of light emittingdiodes backlights an upper backlit region of the display screen, andwherein the at least one zone is dimmed to reduce display intensity of asky region of the displayed video images.
 33. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 24, wherein the displayscreen of the video display device occupies at least 95 percent of theviewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement.
 34. A vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly,the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly comprising: amirror head pivotable about a mirror support, wherein the mirror supportis configured to attach at an interior portion of a vehicle equippedwith the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly; whereinthe mirror head comprises a mirror reflective element; wherein themirror reflective element comprises an electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement having a front substrate and a rear substrate with anelectrochromic medium disposed therebetween, and wherein the frontsubstrate has a first surface and a second surface and the rearsubstrate has a third surface and a fourth surface, the second surfaceand the third surface opposing the electrochromic medium; wherein atransflective mirror reflector is disposed at the third surface, andwherein the transflective mirror reflector at least partially reflectslight incident thereon and at least partially transmits incident lighttherethrough; wherein the electrochromic mirror reflective elementcomprises a viewable reflective region viewable by a driver of theequipped vehicle with the mirror support attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle; a video display device disposed behindthe viewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement; wherein the video display device comprises a display screenthat occupies at least 85 percent of the viewable reflective region ofthe electrochromic mirror reflective element; wherein the video displaydevice comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes for backlightingthe display screen; wherein the display screen comprises a plurality ofpixel sub-arrays that are backlit by the plurality of light emittingdiodes, each pixel sub-array of the plurality of pixel sub-arrayscomprising a red pixel, a green pixel, a blue pixel and a clear pixel;wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, the video display device is operable to display videoimages derived from image data captured by at least one rearward viewingcamera of the equipped vehicle for viewing by the driver of the equippedvehicle; wherein, with the vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly operating in a first state, the video display device does notdisplay video images at the display screen and the driver views rearwardvia reflection at the viewable reflective region, and wherein, with thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in asecond state, the video display device displays video images at thedisplay screen for viewing by the driver of the equipped vehicle; atoggle mechanism, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, the toggle mechanism isoperable by the driver of the equipped vehicle to toggle the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly between operation in thefirst state and operation in the second state; wherein, with the mirrorsupport attached at the interior portion of the equipped vehicle,display intensity of the video display device varies responsive to alight level detected by a light sensor; wherein, when operating in adaytime mode, the display screen utilizes the red pixels, the greenpixels, the blue pixels and the clear pixels of the pixel sub-arrays;and wherein, when operating in a nighttime mode, the display screenutilizes the red pixels, the green pixels and the blue pixels of thepixel sub-arrays and does not utilize the clear pixels of the pixelsub-arrays.
 35. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 34, wherein the at least one rearward viewing cameracomprises a rear backup camera of the equipped vehicle, and wherein,with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of the equippedvehicle, the video display device, with the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly operating in the second state and whenthe equipped vehicle is shifted to a reverse gear, displays video imagesderived from image data captured by the rear backup camera of theequipped vehicle.
 36. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 34, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in the secondstate, the video display device displays video images derived from imagedata captured by a set of cameras of the equipped vehicle, the set ofcameras including the at least one rearward viewing camera.
 37. Thevehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim 34,wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion of theequipped vehicle, electrochromic dimming of the electrochromic mirrorreflective element varies responsive to the light level detected by thelight sensor.
 38. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 34, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodescomprises a plurality of zones of light emitting diodes, and whereineach zone of the plurality of zones of light emitting diodes comprisesat least two light emitting diodes, and wherein the zones of lightemitting diodes backlight respective regions of the video displaydevice, and wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interiorportion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, thebacklit regions of the video display device display respective areas ina rearward field of view of the at least one rearward viewing camera.39. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirror assembly of claim38, wherein, with the mirror support attached at the interior portion ofthe equipped vehicle, and with the vehicular dual-state interiorrearview mirror assembly operating in the second state, the zones oflight emitting diodes are independently controlled based on the videoimages being displayed at the respective backlit regions by the videodisplay device.
 40. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 38, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, at least one zone of theplurality of zones of light emitting diodes is controlled responsive toa determination, via a light sensor at the mirror head, of a headlightof a rear-approaching vehicle being present at the area in the rearwardfield of view of the at least one rearward viewing camera that is beingdisplayed at the backlit region of the video display device that isbacklit by the at least one zone of the plurality of zones of lightemitting diodes.
 41. The vehicular dual-state interior rearview mirrorassembly of claim 38, wherein, with the mirror support attached at theinterior portion of the equipped vehicle, and with the vehiculardual-state interior rearview mirror assembly operating in the secondstate, at least one zone of the plurality of zones of light emittingdiodes backlights an upper backlit region of the display screen, andwherein the at least one zone is dimmed to reduce display intensity of asky region of the displayed video images.
 42. The vehicular dual-stateinterior rearview mirror assembly of claim 34, wherein the displayscreen of the video display device occupies at least 95 percent of theviewable reflective region of the electrochromic mirror reflectiveelement.